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- Economy
-
- Overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily
- upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes virtually
- all export earnings and over 50% to GNP. Since 1980, however,
- the sharp drop in oil prices and resulting decline in export
- revenues has adversely affected economic development. In
- 1986 per capita GNP was the highest in Africa at $5,410,
- but it had been $2,000 higher in 1982. Severe cutbacks in
- imports over the past five years have led to shortages of
- basic goods and foodstuffs, although the reopening of the
- Libyan-Tunisian border in April 1988 and the Libyan-Egyptian
- border in December 1989 have somewhat eased shortages. Austerity
- budgets and a lack of trained technicians have undermined
- the government's ability to implement a number of planned
- infrastructure development projects. The nonoil industrial
- and construction sectors, which account for about 15% of
- GNP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products
- to include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although
- agriculture accounts for less than 5% of GNP, it employs
- 20% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils
- severely limit farm output, requiring Libya to import about
- 75% of its food requirements.
-
- GNP: $20 billion, per capita $5,410; real growth rate 0%
- (1988 est.).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20% (1988 est.).
-
- Unemployment rate: 2% (1988 est.).
-
- Budget: revenues $6.4 billion; expenditures $11.3 billion,
- including capital expenditures of $3.6 billion (1986 est.).
-
- Exports: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--
- petroleum, peanuts, hides; partners--Italy, USSR, FRG, Spain,
- France, Belgium/Luxembourg, Turkey.
-
- Imports: $5.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--machinery,
- transport equipment, food, manufactured goods; partners--Italy,
- USSR, FRG, UK, Japan.
-
- External debt: $2.1 billion, excluding military debt (December 1988).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate NA%.
-
- Electricity: 4,580,000 kW capacity; 13,360 million kWh produced,
- 3,270 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts,
- cement.
-
- Agriculture: 5% of GNP; cash crops--wheat, barley, olives,
- dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported.
-
- Aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $242 million.
-
- Currency: Libyan dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Libyan dinar
- (LD) = 1,000 dirhams.
-
- Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1--0.2896 (January
- 1990), 0.2922 (1989), 0.2853 (1988), 0.2706 (1987), 0.3139
- (1986), 0.2961 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year.
-